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Interfacing Tri-Color LED with Arduino

Tri-Color LED Module

A Tri-Color LED module emits three distinct colors—typically red, green, and blue, but not mixed as in RGB. It's a simple yet effective way to create visual feedback and indicators in Arduino-based projects, often used in status signals and decorative lighting.

Working Principle of Tri-Color LED

The Tri-Color LED contains three separate LEDs within a single package. Each LED is controlled independently by the Arduino to produce one of the predefined colors. Unlike RGB LEDs, this module does not support color mixing but is ideal for simple color transitions.

Types of Tri-Color LEDs

Common Cathode

  • Cathode is connected to GND.
  • Arduino pins send HIGH signals to activate specific colors.
  • Each color LED lights up independently.

Common Anode

  • Anode is connected to +5V.
  • Arduino pulls color pins LOW to light them up.
  • Only one color shines at a time or in sequence.

Requirements

1. Arduino

2. Tri-Color LED Module

3. Resistors (220Ω recommended)

4. Jumper wires

Pin Configuration of Tri-Color LED

Tri-Color LED Module

  • VCC or Common Anode: Connect to +5V.
  • GND or Common Cathode: Connect to Arduino GND.
  • R: Connect to a digital PWM pin (for red).
  • G: Connect to a digital PWM pin (for green).
  • B: Connect to a digital PWM pin (for blue, if applicable).

Wiring the Tri-Color LED to Arduino

To wire a Tri-Color LED to Arduino, connect the common pin to VCC or GND based on its type. Then, connect the R, G, and B pins to separate PWM-enabled digital pins. Use appropriate resistors to limit current and avoid damage to the LEDs.

Algorithm

  1. Initialize Components

    • Connect the LED pins to the Arduino with resistors.
    • Define the pin modes in the Arduino sketch.

  2. Write the Code

    • Declare digital output pins for each LED color.
    • Use the setup() function to initialize them.
    • In the loop(), turn each color on/off using digitalWrite().

  3. Implement Interactivity

    • Control the LEDs using button inputs or sensor data.
    • Use simple logic to switch colors based on conditions.
    • Create visual cues or transitions to reflect system status.

  4. Test the Interface

    • Upload the code to the Arduino board.
    • Observe the color changes on the LED.
    • Adjust code logic to enhance behavior as needed.

Arduino Code

Applications of Tri-Color LED Modules

  • Status indicators in projects
  • Simple notification systems
  • Mood lighting
  • Educational electronics kits
  • Basic alert systems
  • Color-coded sensor outputs

Conclusion

Interfacing a Tri-Color LED with Arduino adds a colorful yet straightforward visual element to your project. Whether you're signaling device status or creating mood lighting, this LED module offers a reliable way to enhance interactivity and feedback.